Chad

Geography: Location: Central Africa, south of Libya Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 19 00 E Area: total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km Land boundaries: total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: tropical in south, desert in north Terrain: broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south Elevation extremes: lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m Natural resources: petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad) Irrigated land: 200 sq km (1998 est.)

People: Population: 9,538,544 (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,297,490; female 2,269,801) 15-64 years: 49.3% (male 2,245,586; female 2,459,796) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 107,594; female 158,277) (2004 est.) Median age: total: 16 years male: 15.3 years female:16.7 years (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 3% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 46.5 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 16.38 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 94.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 104.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 85.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 48.24 years male: 46.91 years female: 49.63 years (2004 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.38 children born/woman (2004 est.) Nationality: noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian Ethnic groups: 200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad Religions: Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7% Languages: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 47.5% male: 56% female: 39.3% (2003 est.)

Economy: Economy overview: Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major oilfield and pipeline projects that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and stock raising for its livelihood. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's export earnings, but Chad started to export oil in 2004. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves estimated at 1 billion barrels in southern Chad. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. GDP: purchasing power parity - $10.67 billion (2003 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 15% (2003 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 32.4% industry: 18.8% services: 48.8% (2003 est.) Investment (gross fixed): 40.3% of GDP (2003) Population below poverty line: 80% (2001 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6% (2003 est.) Labor force: NA (2002) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture more than 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) Unemployment rate: NA (2000) Budget: revenues: $591.2 million expenditures: $680.9 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (2003 est.) Agriculture - products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels Industries: oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials Industrial production growth rate: 5% (1995) Electricity - production: 94.04 million kWh (2001) Electricity - consumption: 87.46 million kWh (2001) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2001) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2001) Oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - consumption: 1,500 bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - exports: NA (2001) Oil - imports: NA (2001) Current account balance: $-474 million (2003) Exports: $365 million f.o.b. (2003 est.) Exports - commodities: cotton, cattle, gum arabic Exports - partners: US 24.2%, Germany 16.5%, Portugal 15.4%, France 6.6%, Nigeria 5.5%, Morocco 4.4% (2003 est.) Imports: $760 million f.o.b. (2003 est.) Imports - commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles Imports - partners: France 25.8%, US 18.7%, Cameroon 13.2%, Nigeria 6.8%, Netherlands 4.2% (2003 est.) Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: $191.8 million (2003) Debt - external: $1.1 billion (2000 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $238.3 million; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million (2001 est.) Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States Currency code: XAF Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999) Fiscal year: calendar year