Mali

Geography: Location: Western Africa, southwest of Algeria Geographic coordinates: 17 00 N, 4 00 W Area: total: 1.24 million sq km land: 1.22 million sq km water: 20,000 sq km Land boundaries: total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: 0 km (landlocked) Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast Elevation extremes: lowest point: Senegal River 23 m highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m Natural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited Irrigated land: 1,380 sq km (1998 est.)

People: Population: 11,956,788 (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47.1% (male 2,835,378; female 2,801,578) 15-64 years: 49.9% (male 2,862,075; female 3,101,009) 65 years and over: 3% (male 163,927; female 192,821) (2004 est.) Median age: total: 16.3 years male: 15.7 years female: 16.9 years (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 2.78% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 47.29 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 19.12 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: -0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over:0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 117.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 124.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 111.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 45.28 years male: 44.7 years female: 45.87 years (2004 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.58 children born/woman (2004 est.) Nationality: noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian Ethnic groups: Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5% Religions: Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1% Languages: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.4% male: 53.5% female: 39.6% (2003 est.)

Economy: Economy overview:   GDP: purchasing power parity - $10.53 billion (2003 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 0.5% (2003 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $900 (2003 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 45% industry: 17% services: 38% (2001 est.) Population below poverty line: 64% average; 30% of the total population living in urban areas; 70% of the total population living in rural areas) (2001 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 40.4% (1994) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.5% (2002 est.) Labor force: 3.93 million (2001 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture and fishing 80% (2001 est.) Unemployment rate: 14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.) Budget: revenues: $764 million expenditures: $828 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002 est.) Agriculture - products: cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats Industries: food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining Industrial production growth rate: NA (FY96/97) Electricity - production: 480.2 million kWh (2001) Electricity - consumption: 446.6 million kWh (2001) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2001) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2001) Oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - exports: NA (2001) Oil - imports: NA (2001) Exports: $915 million f.o.b. (2002 est.) Exports - commodities: cotton, gold, livestock Exports - partners: Thailand 14.2%, China 12.3%, India 8%, Italy 7.5%, UK 6.1% (2003 est.) Imports: $927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.) Imports - commodities: petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles Imports - partners: France 15.5%, Senegal 7.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.2% (2003 est.) Debt - external: $3.3 billion (2000) Economic aid - recipient: $596.4 million (2001) Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States Currency code: XOF Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999) Fiscal year: calendar year