Sudan

Geography: Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 30 00 E Area: total: 2,505,810 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km water: 129,810 sq km Land boundaries: total: 7,687 km border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km Coastline: 853 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north Elevation extremes: lowest point: Red Sea 0 m highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m Natural resources: petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower Irrigated land: 19,500 sq km (1998 est.)

People: Population: 39,148,162 (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 43.7% (male 8,730,609; female 8,358,569) 15-64 years: 54.1% (male 10,588,634; female 10,571,199) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 490,869; female 408,282) (2004 est.) Median age: total: 17.9 years male: 17.7 years female: 18.1 years (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 2.64% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 35.79 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 9.37 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: -0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.2 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 64.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 64.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.13 years male: 56.96 years female: 59.36 years (2004 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.97 children born/woman (2004 est.) Nationality: noun: Sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: Sudanese Ethnic groups: black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1% Religions: Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum) Languages: Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English note: program of "Arabization" in process Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.1% male: 71.8% female: 50.5% (2003 est.)

Economy: Economy overview:   GDP: purchasing power parity - $70.95 billion (2003 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 5.9% (2003 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2003 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 38.7% industry: 20.3% services: 41% (2003 est.) Investment (gross fixed): 14.8% of GDP (2003) Population below poverty line: NA Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.8% (2003 est.) Labor force: 11 million (1996 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 7%, government 13% (1998 est.) Agriculture - products: cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock Industries: oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly Electricity - production: 2.389 billion kWh (2001) Electricity - consumption: 2.222 billion kWh (2001) Exports - commodities: oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar Exports - partners: China 25%, Saudi Arabia 22.2%, UAE 5.3%, Germany 4.7% (2003 est.) Imports: $2.383 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat Imports - partners: China 20.1%, Saudi Arabia 7.6%, France 6.2%, UK 5.5%, India 5.3%, Germany 5%, Australia 4% (2003 est.) Currency: Sudanese dinar (SDD) Currency code: SDD Exchange rates: Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 260.983 (2003), 263.306 (2002), 258.702 (2001), 257.122 (2000), 252.55 (1999) Fiscal year: calendar year